The Indian dairy industry welcomes the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India’s (FSSAI) recent decision to withdraw its directive regarding the labeling of A1 and A2 milk products. The advisory, issued on August 21, 2024, raised concerns over the use of A1 and A2 claims on products like milk, curd, butter, and ghee, which the regulator argued could mislead consumers. However, after industry feedback and further review, FSSAI has now withdrawn the notification for additional consultation and engagement with stakeholders.
FSSAI’s directive centered on the structural differences in the beta-casein protein found in A1 and A2 milk. However, the concern lay in products such as ghee, which is predominantly fat-based and contains no protein. Labelling ghee as “A2” was flagged as potentially confusing, leading the regulator to call for the removal of such labels. Despite this, the swift withdrawal of the directive leaves the issue unresolved, creating uncertainty for both producers and consumers.
The debate over A1 and A2 milk revolves around the beta-casein protein structure, with A2 milk—produced by indigenous Indian cow breeds like Gir—gaining popularity due to its easier digestibility and potential health benefits. However, verifying A2 milk’s authenticity requires stringent DNA testing to ensure the milk is sourced exclusively from cows, as buffalo milk also typically contains A2 protein.
Companies such as Hari HariBol Dairy Pvt. Ltd. have adopted transparent labeling practices, offering DNA-tested A2 cow milk to assure consumers of product authenticity. As Mr. Yachneet Pushkarna, CEO of Hari HariBol Dairy Pvt. Ltd., stated, “At Hari HariBol, we have always maintained transparency with consumers, labeling our ghee as ‘Desi Cow Ghee’ or ‘Bilona Ghee,’ ensuring clarity and preventing confusion around A2 claims.” Hari HariBol consciously avoids using the term “A2 Ghee” to maintain clarity, as ghee is fat-based and does not contain proteins like A1 or A2.
The decision to withdraw the labeling directive is seen as a positive move by dairy companies and industry experts. It opens up space for further dialogue on how best to regulate the marketing of A1 and A2 milk and its related products. This is especially important in light of the growing consumer demand for A2 milk, which is viewed as a healthier alternative to A1 milk. Research continues to highlight A2 milk’s easier digestibility and benefits for individuals sensitive to A1 proteins.
Moving forward, clear regulatory guidelines and consumer education are necessary to build trust and transparency in the market. Mr. Pushkarna further emphasized, “Clear regulations will help remove ambiguity and support brands in offering authentic products. Educating consumers about the benefits of A2 milk is crucial to help them make informed decisions.”
